1. What are the two principles of the Cell Theory?
2. What are the limitations to cell size, both minimum and maximum?
3. How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
4. Describe the location and function of each of these prokayotic cell components: capsule, pili, flagellum, ribosomes, DNA, plasma membrane
5. Describe the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. What structures comprise this system? Diagram and explain how a protein can be made and exported from a cell without ever contacting the cytoplasm. Why is this useful?
6. Why is the nucleus called the control center of a cell?
7. How does the nucleus communicate with the rest of the cell?
8. What are differences in structure and function between Rough ER and Smooth ER?
9. Which two organelles found only in eukaryotic cells are involved in energy transformations?
10. What is an advantage of having organelles surrounded by membranes?
11. Explain how lysosomes are analogous to an auto salvage operation.
12. What features are unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?
13. Describe 3 functions of vacuoles.
14. What is the general purpose of a cellŐs cytoskeleton? What 3 basic structures make up the cytoskeleton?
15. Name the components of the cytoskeleton and explain how they are involved in each of these processes: mitosis, amoeboid movement, positionng of chloroplasts, secretion of enzymes, sperm swimming to egg.
16. What is the extracellular matrix? What type of cells has it? What does it do for these cells?
17. What surface feature allows animal cells to communicate with adjacent cells?
18. What is the equivalent structure in plant cells?
All parts of the cell are made from
the four types of molecules: lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and
carbohydrates. The qualities of
these molecules contribute to the functions of the cellŐs parts.
The plasma membrane is a good example of this concept.
19. Describe two ways in which membranes affect the chemical activity in a cell.
20. List 4 components of the plasma membrane and the functions of each component.
21. Explain how the structure of phospholipids produces the basic permeability of plasma membranes. In other words, why are plasma membranes more permeable to hydrophobic molecules and less permeable to hydrophilic molecules?
22. What purposes do membrane proteins serve? For each purpose, describe a probable location for that protein (inside, outside, or transmembrane).
23. Explain these terms: diffusion, osmosis, isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic.
24. What are the differences between passive and active transport?
25. Why is osmoregulation so important to living cells?
26. Describe the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis. What types of molecules are typically transported this way?
27. What is an advantage of using receptor-mediated endocytosis to take in molecules?
28. What do HIV infection and organ transplantation have in common, with respect to membranes?
29. What is the basic cause of cystic fibrosis?
30. Why canŐt we drink seawater?