What is Abnormal?
-
1. causes harm to
others
-
2. causes
distress, impairment
-
changes over time
o National Health and Social Life Survey
Paraphilias
-
“abnormal
attraction”
-
fantasies,
behavior include:
o non-human objects
o children, non-consenting adults
o suffering, humiliation
-
characteristics
o psychologically dependent
o six months
o distressed, preoccupied
o males
-
pedophilia
o desire towards sexually immature
o childhood sexual abuse
§
10-15%
§
males
· 75% female victims
o difficult to treat
o types
§
1. situational
molester
· times of stress
§
2. preference
molester
· “normal” sexual variation
· boys
§
3. child rapist
· violent abuser
o subtypes of sexual aggressors
§
1. physiological
aggressor
§
2. cognitive
aggressor
§
3. affective
aggressor
§
4. development
related personality problems
o theories
§
biological approach
· reduce urges
o endocrine system
o surgery
§ castration
§ hypothalamotomy
§
psychological
approaches
· early life experiences
o “victim-to-abuser”
· birth order
o many older brothers
· handedness
· personality traits
-
treatment
o penile plethysmograph
§
measures blood
flow
o electroshock
o criticism from others
o strengthen self-control
Other Paraphilias
-
exhibitionism
o expose genitals
o shock, fear
o 6 months
-
fetishism
o nonliving object
o males
o don’t seek treatment
o common objects
o partialism
§
specific body
part
o compulsive
o interferes with relationships
-
frotteurism
o “to rub”
o stranger
o crowded places
-
sexual masochism
o pleasure from pain
o alone or with partner
-
sexual sadism
o pleasure from harming another
o requires a partner
o sadomasochist
§
both
§
common activities
· danger = excitement
o sexual homicide
§
rare
§
types
· sexual sadist
· mood, personality disorders
-
transvestic fetishism
o males
o women’s clothing
o heterosexual
o article vs. outfit
o autogynephilia
§
experiences
exclusive to women
o compulsive
o ego-dystonic
Theories
-
no sufficient
biological theories
-
childhood
-
chronic
-
“lovemaps”
o fantasies, preferred practices
o late childhood
o develop “misprints’
-
conditioned
response
-
deficit of
control
Treatment
-
difficult
-
medication
-
therapy
- gender identity
o
perception of gender
- assigned sex
o
birth certificate
- sexual orientation
o
sexual attraction
- gender identity disorder
o
assigned sex vs. gender identity
o
2 characteristics
§ desire to be other sex
§ discomfort with assigned sex
·
usually by 4
§ distress
o
boys
o
girls
o
in adults
§ preoccupied
§ adapt social role,
appearance
§ cross dress
o
onset
§ 2-4