-
how
we think about, influence, and relate to others
Think
-
self-serving
bias
o
perceive
self favorably
o
examples
§
explaining
events
·
success
= ability, effort
·
failure
= external factors
§
all better than average?
·
subjective,
socially desirable
·
define
“success” on our own
·
what
we’re good at = important
§
unrealistic
optimism
·
future
events
·
negatives
o
increases
vulnerability
positives
o
promotes
well-being
·
remedy
o
“defensive
pessimism”
§
anticipate
problems, develop coping skills
§
false
consensus
·
overestimate
agreement
·
opinion
§
false
uniqueness
·
underestimate
commonality
·
ability
Influence
-
conformity
o
changing
due to real/imaged group pressure
§
types
·
compliance
o
private disagreement
·
obedience
o
command
from authority
·
acceptance
o
sincere
§
65% complied
·
heart
condition
o
63% complied
§
what influences obedience?
·
emotional
distance from victim
·
authority
figure
o
physical
presence
o
legitimate
·
institutional
authority
o
Yale
vs. downtown
·
effects
of the group
o
liberating
effect
Relating
- what attracts us to others?
1. proximity
o
geographical
nearness
§
functional
distance
·
cross
paths
o
anticipation
of interaction
§
“anticipatory
liking”
o
mere
exposure
§
familiarity
breeds fondness
·
nonsense
words
·
name
letter effect
o
letters
of name, language
§
adaptive
·
predisposes
us to attractions
§
advertisers,
politicians
-
2.
physical attractiveness
o
looks
matter
o
attractiveness
and dating
§
females
·
predictor
of dates
·
dating
preferences
§
males
·
more
value on looks
o
matching
phenomenon
§
intelligence,
attractiveness
§
marriage
vs. dating
§
compensating
qualities
·
males
= wealth, status
·
females
= youth, looks
-
3.
similarity vs. complementarity
o
similarity
§
similarity
= happiness
§
likeness
produces liking
·
attitudes,
behavior
o
do opposites attract?
§
complementarity
·
complete
what is missing in another
o
personality
traits
§
similarity
prevails
-
4.
liking those who like us
o
liking
is mutual
o
sensitive
to criticism
o
self-esteem
and attraction
§
Hatfield
research
·
low
self-esteem looked for approval
·
rebound
relationships
-
5.
relationship rewards
o
reward
theory of attraction
§
rewards
= liking
§
direct
rewards
§
associate
with rewards