- adaptive response
- 3 components
o
physiological arousal
o
expressive behaviors
o
conscious experience
- theories
o
James-Lange (J-L)
§ response to arousal
o
Cannon-Bard (C-B)
§ arousal, conscious
experience
· same time
· SNS, cortex
o
can’t feel arousal?
§ J-L
§ C-B
§ Hohmann research
· lower spine
· upper spine
· above neck
o
Schacter’s two-factor theory
§ is thinking involved?
§ arousal + cognitive label =
emotion
§ emotions influence
situations?
· Schacter and Singer research
§ cognition required?
· Zajonc
o
no
o
neurological support
§ pathways bypass cortex
§ quick responses
§ amygdala
· Lazarus
o
yes
§ unconscious appraisal
- arousal
o
ANS arousal
§ SNS and adrenaline
o
adaptive
§ moderate arousal
§ depends on task
· easy vs. hard
- arousal and specific
emotions
o
finger temperature
o
muscle tension
o
brain regions
§ amygdala
§ hemispheres
o
subtle changes = specific emotion
- nonverbal communication
(NVC)
o
threats
o
introverts vs. extroverts
- gender and NVC
o
females
o
empathic
§ physiological changes vs.
expression
- culture and NVC
o
gestures
o
facial expressions
§ similar in all cultures
§ TV?
· universal
- effects of expressions
o
amplify emotion
o
create emotion?
§ facial feedback effect
- imitation create empathy?
o
yes
- 10 basic emotions
- anger
o
causes
§ perceived misdeed
o
good or bad?
§ bad
§ good
· assertive vs. blowing up
o
individualism vs. collectivism
· venting anger
o
catharsis hypothesis
§ emotional release
§ action/fantasy
· temporarily helpful
o
provoke retaliation
o
magnify anger
o
expressing anger
§ wait
§ sublimate
- influences everything
- feel-good, do-good phenomenon
o
help others
- subjective well-being
o
personal rating of happiness
- set point
o
negative events
§ overestimate impact,
underestimate adaptability
o
positive events
§ money
- theories
o
adaptation-level principle
§ compare to past events
§ re-adjust level
· pay raise
o
relative-deprivation principle
§ compare to others
§ relative deprivation
· worse off than others
§ upward vs. downward
comparisons
- predictors
o
relationships
o
sleep, exercise
o
religious faith
o
activities
o
heredity