- phrenology
o
Gall
o
specific regions for specific behaviors
- biological psychologists
o
link between brain and behavior
- transmit, process
information
o
neurons
§ structure
· dendrites
· cell body
· axon
o
myelin sheath
§ action potential
· electrical charge
§ threshold
· minimum intensity
· all or none response
o
different speeds?
- neural communication
o
synapse
§ junction
o
synaptic gap
§ space separating neurons
o
neurotransmitters
§ chemical messengers
· lock and key
· excitatory vs. inhibitory
· types
o
dopamine
o
serotonin
o
endorphins
- 3 types of neurons
o
sensory
o
interneurons
o
motor neurons
- central nervous system
o
brain, spinal cord
- peripheral nervous system
o
muscles, glands
o
2 components
§ 1. somatic nervous system
§ 2. autonomic nervous system
· 2 components
o
1. sympathetic
§ arouse
o
2. parasympathetic
§ depress
- 3 evolutions
o
1. brainstem
§ basic survival
§ structures
· medulla
o
heartbeat, breathing
· reticular formation
o
attention, arousal
§ low level structures
· thalamus
o
sensory switchboard
· cerebellum
o
memory, balance
o
2. limbic system
§ structures
· hippocampus
o
memory
o
neurons reproduce
· amygdala
o
emotion
· hypothalamus
o
motivation
o
sexual orientation?
o
pleasure
o
3. cerebral cortex
§ information processing
§ glial cells
· nutrition, myelination
§ covers lobes
· frontal
· parietal
· temporal
· occipital
§ functions
· motor cortex
o
movement
· sensory cortex
o
sensations
- plasticity
o
reorganize after damage
o
youth
- hemispheres
o
left
o
right
- corpus callosum
o
connects hemispheres
- split brain
o
consequences