MLA Style
Sections:
1) Parenthetical References
2) Work Cited List
3) MLA Style
Below are
examples of how to cite most of the common types of sources according
to the MLA and APA formats:
Citation
Format for Books
Citation Format for Articles from Periodicals
(Magazines, Journals & Newspapers)
Citation Format for Internet Documents
For
more detailed explanations of how to use these formats, you should consult
the official style manual for the format that you are using. Ask a librarian
to show you one of these guide books:
MLA
Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (REF PN 147 G444
1998)
Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (REF BF 76.7 P83 1994)
Citation Format for Books
Books
with a single author:
MLA:
Author's
last name, First name. Middle initial (if any). Title. Place
of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Gamson, Joshua. R. Claims to Fame: Celebrity in Contemporary
America. Berkeley: University of California Press,1994.
APA:
Author's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Year of publication).
Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Gamson, J. R. (1994). Claims to fame: celebrity in contemporary
America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Note:
Titles do not have to be capitalized in APA format.
Books
with two, three or more authors:
MLA:
First
author's last name, First name Middle initial (if any), and Second
author's First name Middle initial (if any) Last name. Title.
Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Note:
For a book with three authors, list all three authors' names. Only
the first author's name should be listed last name first. For a
book with more than 3 authors, list only the first author's name
followed by a comma and the words et al.
Stewart, David W., and David H. Furse. Effective Television Advertising:
A Study of 1000 Commercials. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1986.
Jonson, Albert, Thomas Gray, and Jessie Muncy. Information Access.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Baker, Nellie, et al. Book Publishing. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1992.
APA:
First
author's last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any), &
Second author's last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any).
(Year of publication). Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Note:
Invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for all
authors, regardless of the number of authors.
Stewart, D. W., & Furse, D. H. (1986). Effective television
advertising: a study of 1000 commercials. Lexington: Lexington
Books.
Books
with editor(s) rather than author(s):
MLA:
Editor's
last name, First name Middle initial (if any), ed. Title.
Place of publication: Year of publication.
Baughman,
Cynthia, ed. Women on Ice: Feminist Essays on the Tonya Harding/Nancy
Kerrigan Spectacle. New York: Routledge, 1995.
APA:
Editor's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Ed. ). (Year
of publication). Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Baughman, C., (Ed. ). (1995). Women on ice: feminist essays on
the Tonya Harding/Nancy Kerrigan spectacle. New York: Routledge.
Chapter
in a book with an editor:
MLA:
Author's
last name, First name Middle initial (if any). "Title of Chapter
or Essay." Title of Book. Ed. Editor's first and last
name. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Page
numbers for the chapter.
Fox,
Aaron A. "Split Subjectivity in Country Music and Honky-Tonk
Discourse." In All That Glitters: Country Music in America,
ed. George H. Lewis, 131-139. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green
State University Popular Press, 1993.
APA:
Author's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Year of publication).
"Title of Chapter or Essay." In Editor's first initial.
Middle initial (if any). Last name. (Ed.), Title of book.
(pp. Page numbers for the chapter.). Place of publication: Publisher.
Fox,
A. A. (1993). Split subjectivity in country music and honky-tonk
discourse." In G. H. Lewis (Ed.), All that glitters: country
music in America, (pp.131-139). Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling
Green State University Popular Press.
Citation
Format for Articles from Periodicals (Magazines, Journals & Newspapers)
Magazine
article:
MLA:
Author's
last name, First name Middle initial (if any). "Title of Article."
Title of Magazine Day (if given) Month (abbreviated except
May, June, and July) Year: Page numbers of article (if the article
is not printed on consecutive pages, give the first page followed
by a +).
Bazell, Robert. "Science and Society: Growth Industry."
New Republic 15 Mar. 1993: 13-14.
Frank,
Michael. "The Wild, Wild West." Architectural Digest
June 1993: 180+.
APA:
Author's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Year, Month
Day (if given)). Title of article. Title of Magazine, volume
number, Page numbers of article.
Bazell, R. (1993, March 15) Science and society: growth industry.
New Republic, 208, 13-14.
Frank,
M. (1993, June) The wild, wild west. Architectural Digest, 50,
180-186, 199.
Journal
article:
MLA:
Author's
Last name, First name Middle initial (if any). "Title of article."
Journal title Volume number. Issue number (if each number
of journal begins on page 1) (Date of publication): page numbers.
Babrow,
Austin S. "Student Motives for Watching Soap Operas."
Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 31.3 (Summer
1997): 309-321.
APA:
Author's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Year). Title
of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number, if
each number of journal begins on page 1), Page numbers of article.
Babrow,
A. S. (1997) Student motives for watching soap operas. Journal
of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(3), 309-321.
Newspaper
article:
MLA:
Author's
last name, First name Middle initial (if any). "Article Title."
Title of Newspaper Day Month (abbreviated except May, June,
and July) Year: Section and page number(s) (if the article is not
printed on consecutive pages, just give the first page followed
by +).
MacKenzie, Bill. "Packin' the Heat." San Francisco
Chronicle 4 Nov. 1993: A16+.
APA:
Author's
last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any). (Year, Month
Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, pp. section and
page number(s).
MacKenzie,
B. (1993, November 4). Packin' the Heat. San Francisco Chronicle,
pp. A16, A18.
Article
from an online periodical database (such as InfoTrac Searchbank databases
or Proquest Newspapers database):
MLA:
Article
information as shown above for magazine, journal or newspaper. Title
of Database. Name of computer service. Accessed Date of researcher's
access. <Electronic address, or URL> (if available).
Kaiser,
Jocelyn. "Acid Rain's Dirty Business: Stealing Minerals from
the Soil." Science 12 Apr. 1996: 198. Academic ASAP.
InfoTrac SearchBank. Accessed 18 Feb. 1998. <http://web7.searchbank.com/infotrac/session/620/714/28299924w3/6!xrn_1>.
APA:
Article
information as shown above for magazine, journal or newspaper. Title
of Database. Name of computer service. Retrieved Month Day,
Year from the World Wide Web: URL (web address) of the page.
Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A
history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and
antiscience: Science working group on facilitated communication.
American Psychologist, 50, 750-765. Academic ASAP.
InfoTrac SearchBank. Retrieved January 27, 1998 from the World Wide
Web: http://web1.searchbank.com/infotrac/session/328/521/26062376w3/12!xrn_1.
Article
from a CD-ROM periodical database (such as Newsbank S.F. Chronicle
databases or Proquest New York Times databases):
MLA:
Article
information as shown above for magazine, journal or newspaper. Name
of Database, if different from periodical title. CD-ROM. Name of
software. Date(s) of database coverage.
Morris,
Joe. "Business Booming in Silicon Valley." New York
Times 24 Nov. 1995: A10+. CD-ROM. Proquest. 1995.
APA:
Article
information as shown above for magazine, journal or newspaper. [CD-ROM].
Producer (optional). Name of Database, if different from periodical
title. Name of software. Date(s) of database coverage.
Morris,
J. (1995, November 24). Business Booming in Silicon Valley. New
York Times pp. A10+. [CD-ROM]. Proquest. 1995.
Citation
Format for Internet Documents
World
Wide Web pages
The MLA and the APA formats for electronic publications are not yet
completely standardized. Various websites provide specific information
on how to cite information from the World Wide Web according to their
current interpretations of official citation formats. The MLA and
APA official websites, listed below, each provide some information
on citing electronic documents, but the format information provided
by the APA site is quite limited. Xia Li and Nancy Crane, librarians
at the University of Vermont, who authored Electronic Styles: A
Handbook for Citing Electronic Information maintain a website
that is often used as a standard for electronic citation format and
their site is also listed below.
APA
Web site
Li
and Crane's site
MLA:
Author's
last name (if an author is given), First name Middle initial (if
any). Title of the Site. (if no title is given, provide a
description, such as Home Page) Date of publication or latest update
(abbreviated except May, June, and July). Name of any institution
or organization sponsoring or associated with the website (if given).
Date Month (abbreviated except May, June, and July) Year of researcher's
visit. <URL (web address) of the page>.
Note:
If any of the above information is not given (such as last update,
author, or sponsoring institution), leave the information out.
Drudge,
Bob. My Virtual Reference Desk - A One-Stop Site for All Things
Internet. 15 Feb.1998. ICNet. 17 Feb. 1998. <http://www.refdesk.com/>.
APA:
Author's last name, First initial. Middle initial (if any)
-or- Institutional or Organizational Author. (Year, Month Day of
last update). Title of web page [explanation of document type, except
for online periodical articles]. City (if given): Name of any institution
or organization sponsoring or associated with the website (if given).
Retrieved Month Day, Year from the World Wide Web: URL (web address)
of the page.
Note:
If any of the above information is not given (such as last update,
author, or sponsoring institution), leave the information out.
American
Psychological Association. (1995, September 15). APA public policy
action alert: Legislation would affect grant recipients [Announcement
posted on the World Wide Web]. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved
January 25, 1996 from the World Wide Web: http://www.apa.org/ppo/istook.html.
Adapted
from:
College of San Mateo, LIBR 684.
Skyline College, LSCI 100: Introduction to Information Resources.
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