1. Which one of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?
a. A severe frost occurs one night and an insect population declines rapidly
b.An abundance of grass growth and an increase in rodents
c. An increase in deer and an increase in the tick population
d. A decrease in bobcat and an increase in mice
e. None of the above

2. Which one of the following statements is false?
a. Two different species will never have exactly the same niche
b. Intense competition occurs only between closely related species
c. Intense competition between two species sometimes leads to changes in characteristics
d. Intense competition between two species may sometimes lead to extinction of one of the species
e. Intense competition between two species sometimes leads to range restriction

3. Populations with high biotic potential would be expected to exhibit which of the following:
a. Low survivorship
b. High carrying capacity
c. Low energy requirements
d. Few predators
e. Long life spans

4. Factors whose influence on mortality or reproductive rate of a species increases as population size increases are known as:
a. S factors
b. Density-dependent limitations
c. Intrinsic rate factors
d. Density-independent limitation
e. Survivorship factors

5. Which one of the following would be most likely to act as a limiting factor for a population of insects showing a boom-and-bust growth curve?
a. Predation
b. Competition
c. Disease
d. A period of unfavorable weather
e. Physiological changes induced by crowding

6. In a constant environment in which a population is being controlled by density-dependent factors, the population size will oscillate around a constant value known as the environment's:
a. Density-dependent limit
b. Carrying capacity
c. Intrinsic rate
d. Tolerance limit
e. Species diversity

7. Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent limitation? The population of deer decreases after:
a. A severe frost
b. A heavy rainfall
c. Ceanothus leaves are eaten
d. A new freeway is built
e. A fire

8. A characteristic of countries with high standards of living (e.g., the United States and Japan) is:
a. A high birth rate and low mortality rate
b. A low birth rate and high mortality rate
c. A low birth rate and low mortality rate
d. A high birth rate and high mortality rate
e. None of the above, birth and mortality are not related to standard of living

9. The problem(s) with the notion that if all humans became vegetarians, then the earth could support more people is that:
a. Some land is suitable only for grazing, not raising grains
b. Humans require supplemental protein, which often comes from dairy products, in their diets
c. Without birth control, humans would use up all the agricultural land anyway
d. Two of the above are true
e. All of the above are true

10. Which one of the following statements is true:
a. During succession there is generally a decrease in nonliving organic matter in the community
b. Food webs usually become more complex as ecological succession proceeds
c. A biological community is made up of species that are closely related evolutionarily
d. The carrying capacity of a given population cannot change over time
e. None of the above

11. Suppose that you study the growth of a population. You find that it increases in size exponentially and then reaches steady state. Which of the following factors is highly unlikely to have been a factor in limiting the population?
a. Predation
b. Parasitism
c. Fire
d. Competition
e. Emigration

12. If a native population of weasels and mice is stable and an exotic competing mouse is introduced, you would expect the population of:
a. Native mice to increase
b. Native weasels to increase
c. Native mice to decrease
d. Grass growth to increase
e. None of the above

13. Assume you are growing yeast for commercial sale. You inoculate the yeast into a nutrient medium, after two hours the number of cells starts doubling every 60 minutes. After 18 hours, the number of cells no longer changes. To maximize your profit, when should you harvest these cells?
a. Between 0-2 hours
b. Between 3-17 hours
c. At 18 hours
d. After 18 hours
e. Can't tell

14. Which one of the following is not a trend in ecological succession?
a. An increase in the number of trophic levels
b. An increase in productivity
c. An increase in community stability
d. A decrease in nonliving organic material
e. An increase in species diversity

15. Which of the following is not a factor in the succession of a lake to a forest?
a. Siltation
b. Soil chemistry
c. Amount of water
d. Shade
e. Insects